An Emergency is an unplanned event that significantly: Disrupts normal operations, Poses serious threat to persons or property, Cannot be managed by routine response, Requires a quick and coordinated response across multiple departments or divisions.
Disaster Management Act 2005 defines disaster as 'Disaster is an event of natural or manmade causes that lead to sudden disruption of normalcy within society, causing damage to life and property to such an extent that is beyond the capacity of normal social and economic mechanism to cope up with.'
Industrial disaster: 'Industrial disasters are caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical, or other process failures due to accident, negligence or incompetence, in an industrial plant which may spill over to the areas outside the plant causing damage to life and property.'
Chemical disasters: 'Chemical disasters are occurrences of emission, fire or explosion involving one or more hazardous chemicals in the course of industrial activity or storage or transportation or due to natural events leading to serious effects inside or outside the installation likely to cause loss of life and property including adverse effects on the environment.'
Major industrial disasters that shaped public policy: Major industrial disaster in the past which compelled the respective governments to review relevant legislation and, in some cases, led to introduction of new legislation: Triangle Factory Fire New York (USA) 1911-100 garment workers died in fire, Mina Mata Mercury Disaster (Japan) 1932-68 - 3,000 people suffered, severe mercury poisoning symptoms, deformities or death, Seveso Dioxin Disaster (Italy) 1976-3,000 animals died, 70,000 slaughtered to prevent dioxins entering food chain, Bhopal Gas Disaster (India) 1984-15,000 killed, over 500,000 affected.
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